according to code talker jimmie king the final navajo language test message ended with what phrase
Chapter 4: Lawmaking Talking
Intelligence and Bravery
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The Code Talkers' function in war required intelligence and bravery. Code Talkers developed and memorized a special code. They endured some of the almost dangerous battles and remained calm under burn down. They served proudly, with honor and distinction. Their actions proved critical in several important campaigns, and they are credited with saving thousands of American and allied lives.
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Affiliate 4 Resources
- Teachers
- Instructor Materials: Code Talking
- Students
- Educatee Worksheet: Argumentative Writing
- Student Worksheet: Constructing Questions
- Student Worksheet: Text–Dependent Exam Prep 1
- Pupil Worksheet: Text–Dependent Test Prep 2
4.ane
The American Indian Warrior Tradition
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For thousands of years, American Indian men take protected their communities and lands. "Warrior" is an English word that has come to depict them. Notwithstanding, their traditional roles involved more than than fighting enemies. They cared for people and helped in many ways, in any fourth dimension of difficulty. They would exercise anything to help their people survive, including laying down their ain lives.
Warriors were regarded with the utmost respect in their communities. Boys trained from an early age to develop the spiritual, mental, emotional, and concrete forcefulness they would need to get warriors. Many tribes had special warrior societies, which had their own ceremonies, songs, dances, and regalia that they wore. Usually, a warrior had to evidence himself before existence asked to bring together a warrior guild. It was a neat laurels to be chosen in this fashion.
Despite everything that American Indians had endured in the past, the warrior tradition—the tradition of protecting their people—chosen many of them to serve in the United States armed services. They cared well-nigh their communities and the lands on which their people had lived for thousands of years. Many of them also served out of a sense of patriotism, wanting to defend the United States. For some American Indians, the war machine offered economic security and an opportunity for education, training, and world travel.
More than 12,000 American Indians served in World War I—about 25 percent of the male person American Indian population at that time. During World State of war II, when the total American Indian population was less than 400,000, an estimated 44,000 Indian men and 800 women served.
Hear an extract of the Navajo Code Talkers song. The song is sung out of respect for the Code Talkers.
Play Music Clip
Listen to an excerpt of the Comanche Code Talker Song. The song honors the Code Talkers for their achievements.
Play Music Clip
four.ii
Recruitment & Preparation
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In World State of war I, Choctaw and other American Indians transmitted battle messages in their tribal languages by phone. Although not used extensively, the Earth War I telephone operators played a central office in helping the U.s. Army win several battles in French republic that brought about the end of the war.
Start in 1940, the regular army recruited Comanche, Meskwaki, Chippewa, Oneida, and later, Hopi, people to transmit letters in code during Globe War II. The army had special American Indian recruiters working to notice Comanche in Oklahoma who would enlist. Members of other tribes served every bit Code Talkers simply they were not specifically recruited by the military.
The Marine Corps recruited Navajo Code Talkers in 1941 and 1942. Philip Johnston was a World State of war I veteran who had heard about the successes of the Choctaw telephone team. Johnston, although not Indian, had grown up on the Navajo reservation. He suggested to the Marine Corps that the Navajo and other tribes could be very helpful in maintaining communications secrecy. After viewing a demonstration of messages sent in the Navajo language, the Marine Corps was so impressed that they recruited twenty-9 Navajos in two weeks to develop a code within their language.
After the Navajo lawmaking was developed, the Marine Corps established a Code Talking school. As the war progressed, more 400 Navajos were eventually recruited as Code Talkers. The training was intense. Following their basic grooming, the Lawmaking Talkers completed extensive training in communications and memorizing the code.
Some Lawmaking Talkers enlisted; others were drafted. Many of the Lawmaking Talkers who served were underage and had to prevarication near their age to enlist. Some were just fifteen years erstwhile.
Listen to the quote
All I thought when I went in, the Marine Corps was going to give me a belt of armament and a rifle, a steel helmet, and a uniform. Become and shoot some of those Japanese. That's what I idea; but afterwards on they told u.s. differently, you know dissimilar style, purpose of, you know, why they got united states in.
Mind to the quote
That was about 1940, and when I got dwelling house I said, 'I found out they was recruiting twenty Comanches who could talk their tribe fluently for a special unit,' and I told dad, 'I'd like to go.'
Listen to the quote
We were drafted. They fabricated us get in. I didn't volunteer.
4.three
Constructing The Code
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Many American Indian Code Talkers in Globe War II used their everyday tribal languages to convey letters. A message such as "send more armament to the front" was simply translated into the Native language and sent over the radio. These became known as Type Two Codes.
However, the Navajo, Comanche, Hopi, and Meskwaki speakers developed and used special codes based on their languages. These became known as Type One Codes.
To develop their Blazon One Lawmaking, the original 20-nine Navajo Code Talkers first came up with English words for each letter of the alphabet of the alphabet. Since they had to memorize all the words, they used things that were familiar to them, such as kinds of animals. Then, they translated those words into Navajo.
Listen to the quote
So we start talking virtually unlike things, you know, animals, sea creatures, birds, eagles, hawks, and all those domestic animals. And so, why don't we use those names of different animals—from A to Z. So A, we took a cerise ant that we live with all the time. B we took a bear, Yogi the Bear, C a cat, D a dog, Due east an elk, F, play a joke on, G, a goat so on down the line.
Exam Your Knowledge
Play Sound
Here are a few examples of Type One Codes for messages in the Alphabet:
| C | MOASI | Cat |
|---|---|---|
| D | LHA-CHA-EH | Dog |
| E | DZEH | Elk |
| I | TKIN | Ice |
| O | NE-AHS-JAH | Owl |
| R | GAH | Rabbit |
| V | A-KEH-DI-GLINI | Victor |
Try to translate this coded message by turning each of the Navajo words into one alphabetic character of the alphabet. Click the translate button to see the respond.
MOASI NE-AHS-JAH LHA-CHA-EH DZEH GAH DZEH MOASI DZEH TKIN A-KEH-DI-GLINI DZEH LHA-CHA-EH
Translate Back To Message
4.4
Creating Special Lawmaking Words
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The Navajo, Comanche, Hopi, and others also had to develop special words for World War II armed services terms, such as types of planes, ships, or weapons. They were given motion picture charts that showed them the items. After looking at the pictures, they came up with words that seemed to fit the pictures.
Listen to the quote
Well, when they get-go got u.s. in there for Code Talkers, nosotros had to work that out among our own selves, so we didn't have a word for tank. And the one said it's like a [Comanche words] he said, it's just similar a turtle, you know. It has a hard trounce and it moves and then nosotros chosen it a wakaree ́e, a turtle.
4.five
Sending Letters in Code
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On the battleground, the piece of work of sending coded messages was extremely serious. Beingness able to go along messages surreptitious could make the divergence between winning and losing a battle—or impact how many lives were saved or lost.
Code Talkers did more than than speak into a hand-held radio or telephone. They had to know how to operate both wire and radio equipment, and they oftentimes had to carry it on their backs. They had to know how to fix upwards and maintain the electronic communication wires, or lines. Sometimes their messages were circulate over a wide expanse, helping to direct bigger operations. At other times, messages related to a smaller group, such as a platoon.
Lawmaking Talkers were given the messages in English. Without writing them down, they translated and sent them to another Code Talker. Afterwards the message was transmitted and received, it was written downwardly in English and entered into a message logbook. The Lawmaking Talkers also sent messages in English language. Messages were only coded when absolute security was needed.
Listen to the quote
The commanding officeholder, they give you a message that's written. It'southward usually brusque, talking well-nigh how much ammunition and sure map area that marines are getting killed. They need more than machine gun ammunition, all that. You lot translate that as pocket-sized as you can.
Language In Use
Hither is a sample message:
Request artillery and tank burn down at 123B, Visitor E motility 50 yards left flank of Company D.
Here is the translation of Navajo code words used to send it:
Ask for many big guns and tortoise fire at 123 Bear tail drop Mexican ear mouse owl victor elk l yards left flank ocean fish Mexican deer. (Sally McClain, Navajo Weapon, 2001)
4.six
Locations Served in WWII
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The Navajo and Hopi were assigned to service in the Pacific in the war against Japan. The Comanches fought the Germans in Europe, and the Meskwakis fought them in North Africa. Code Talkers from other tribes fought at various locations in Europe, the Pacific, North Africa, and elsewhere.
iv.vii
Code Talkers Remember The War
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Like all soldiers, Lawmaking Talkers carry many memories of their state of war experiences. Some memories are easy to revisit. Others are very difficult. Some veterans do not really like to discuss these memories, while others can more comfortably recollect them. They remember how vehement and unsafe some of the fighting was. Some remember when their young man soldiers were wounded or killed. They call up the racket and the violence of war. Others recall existence prisoners of war. Sometimes they have more pleasant memories of different cultures and places that they had never seen before and probably would never see over again. They too think how their American Indian religious behavior were important to them during the state of war.
Listen to the quote
The, uh Mount Suribachi was on our left side just looming up. And here we started going over aboard the ship going downward the net into a landing craft ship, a smaller send. Nosotros took all our gear, so nosotros went downward there. And we circulate round and round for awhile until they say go. When they say become, all these niggling bitty landing ships they go together right down to the embankment. Before we hit the beach, the uh, officer on that ship he tell united states to pray in your ain belief. Me I just took out my corn pollen as I was told by our medicine man and so pray. So, I think some of the kids bring together me to pray.
Mind to a recreation of Comanche code talking with sound effects.
Play Music Prune
Listen to the quote
Utah Beach in Normandy was something else. Everybody asked me if I would become through information technology again, and I said, no, but I could train the younger ones how we used our language and let them go ahead and do it because it was hell.
Listen to the quote
A loving cup of hot water in the forenoon for java. A lilliputian basin of soup at noon, so ii potatoes at dark. That's what you alive on. That's what I lived on for three years.
Heed to the quote
We prayed to the dominicus, stars, any. It'southward our mode of keeping in contact with somebody. Our superior or whatever you might call him. That's how we do it.
Carl Gorman joined the United States Marine Corps in 1942 when he learned they were recruiting Navajo speakers. He went through all the difficult grooming and was one of the original twenty-nine Navajos who were given the secret mission of developing the Navajo lawmaking. Private First Class (PFC) Gorman answered one of his officers who had asked why Navajo were able to memorize the complex code and so quickly: "For us, everything is memory, it'south role of our heritage. Nosotros accept no written language. Our songs, our prayers, our stories, they're all handed down from grandfather to male parent to children—and we listen, nosotros hear, nosotros learn to remember everything. Information technology'southward part of our training." (Henry and Georgia Greenberg, Ability of a Navajo: Carl Gorman, the Man and His Life, 1996)
Mr. Gorman served in four important Pacific battles: Guadalcanal, Tarawa, Tinian, and Saipan. In 1942, he was stricken by malaria, a severe tropical disease, yet he connected to fight. In 1944, Mr. Gorman was evacuated from Saipan suffering both from the effects of malaria and shell daze. Beat out shock is the psychological consequence of beingness in extremely stressful and dangerous situations, such as combat. Malaria is an infectious disease caused by a parasite spread through the bite of a mosquito. Malaria was a common disease in the Pacific islands where much of the war against Japan was fought. Mr. Gorman had to be hospitalized and took many months to recover.
Charles Chibitty was one of seventeen Comanche men who served as Code Talkers in World State of war Two. In 1941, when he learned that Comanche were beingness recruited to speak their language, he volunteered for the The states Ground forces. Mr. Chibitty helped develop the lawmaking that the Comanche used and participated in some of the fiercest fighting of the state of war, including the D-Solar day landing in Normandy. He attained the rank of corporal.
Listen to the quoteI was afraid and if I didn't talk to the Creator, something was wrong. Because when yous're going to get in boxing, that's the offset thing you're going to do, you're going to talk to the Creator.
4.x
Reflection and Give-and-take Questions
How did Code Talkers of World War Ii continue American Indian warrior traditions? Why is that pregnant (important)?
What were some of the most difficult challenges the Lawmaking Talkers faced in war?
Source: https://americanindian.si.edu/nk360/code-talkers/code-talking/
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